The Epic of Manas is the oldest heroic work of the Kyrgyz people and the largest epic poem in the world, composed entirely in verse. It reflects centuries of history, culture, worldview, and the nomads’ struggle for survival and freedom. For the Kyrgyz people, Manas has served as a chronicle, an oral literary tradition, and a form of artistic expression passed down from generation to generation. The epic is inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO and is recognized by Guinness World Records as the longest epic poem in the world.

A national park located just 30 km from Bishkek, on the northern slope of the Kyrgyz Range. It is one of the most accessible mountain destinations in Kyrgyzstan, known for its picturesque gorge, scenic hiking trails, and climbing routes for mountaineers. The area offers breathtaking views of peaks rising up to 5,000 meters, glaciers, and juniper forests, making it a favorite spot for both day trips and alpine adventures.

The komuz is a traditional three-stringed plucked folk instrument of the Kyrgyz people, belonging to the lute family. It features a pear-shaped body with a fretless neck, carved from a single piece of wood, and measures about 90 cm in length. The middle string is typically used to play the melody, while the two outer strings serve as drones, creating a distinctive and expressive sound characteristic of Kyrgyz musical heritage.

Jailoo are the traditional summer pastures of Kyrgyz nomads, located in the foothill and mountainous regions of the country. Here, visitors can experience authentic nomadic life, stay in yurts, taste national cuisine, and enjoy hiking or horseback riding across the breathtaking landscapes of the Tian Shan and the Pamir Mountains. Some of the most famous jailoo are found near Song-Kul, in the Semenov Gorge, and in the Kilemche area, offering pristine nature and an unforgettable cultural experience.

A remarkable monument of ancient culture in the Chüy Valley and along the Great Silk Road, the Burana Tower was once the tallest minaret in Central Asia. It formed part of the capital of the Karakhanid state — Balasagun (10th–12th centuries) — and originally stood at 40 meters high. Today, the tower rises to 21 meters and remains a unique architectural landmark, preserving the rich historical heritage of the region.

Bishkek is the largest city in the country, located at the foothills of the Tian Shan in the scenic Chüy Valley. It serves as the cultural, political, and tourist center of the republic and is often the starting point for journeys to Issyk-Kul. The history of Bishkek dates back to the 7th century — from the ancient settlement of Jul and the Kokand fortress of Pishpek to the modern city that received its current name in 1991, following the country’s independence.

This unique pier, designed in the shape of a traditional Komuz, is the largest in the country by area (approximately 1,800 sq. m). A national cuisine restaurant is planned to be opened here inside a large yurt, offering guests an immersive experience into the rich atmosphere and traditions of Kyrgyz culture.

Victory Square is a memorial complex dedicated to the victory in the Great Patriotic War and to the memory of Kyrgyzstan’s soldiers who fell between 1941 and 1945. The central element of the square is an arch formed by three curved lines, along with a sculpture of a mother figure symbolizing waiting, grief, and hope. Today, the square remains an important site of remembrance and a historic symbol of the capital.

Berkutchi are hereditary hunters of Kyrgyzstan who use golden eagles for traditional hunting. Their skills are passed down from generation to generation, and training an eagle can take months or even years. This ancient nomadic tradition has become one of the country’s most iconic symbols and an important part of Kyrgyz cultural heritage.

The Toktogul Satylganov Kyrgyz National Philharmonic is one of the main cultural landmarks of Bishkek, located on Chüy Avenue. The pristine white building is set within a landscaped square and features a monument to the epic hero Manas. Built in 1980, the philharmonic houses a large concert hall and an organ hall, serving as the country’s premier venue for performances by both national and international artists.

The Holy Trinity Church is part of the Bishkek and Kyrgyzstan Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church, located in the city of Karakol. The church houses a revered copy of the Tikhvin Icon of the Mother of God, attracting both pilgrims and tourists, and stands as an important religious and cultural site in the region.

This natural ecoregion spans the mid- and high-altitude zones of the Tian Shan. It is characterized by rolling steppes, high-altitude plains, and, above the forest belt, subalpine and alpine meadows. These landscapes are found throughout the Northern and Central Tian Shan, the Issyk-Kul Basin, and the Fergana Valley, and are also represented within Ala-Archa National Park.

Kok-boru (also spelled kök-boru) is a traditional Kyrgyz national horseback game, often referred to as “football on horses.” Instead of a ball, players use a goat carcass. The name translates as “blue wolf” and reflects ancient nomadic traditions and the competitive spirit of Kyrgyz riders (jigits), showcasing strength, agility, and the warrior ethos of the people.

Altyn-Arashan is a mountain resort located in a gorge of Kyrgyzstan, 10 km from Karakol and 28 km from Issyk-Kul. The area is famous for its hot mineral springs, both natural and developed bathing sites, scenic waterfalls, and the glacial Kashka-Suu Lake. The gorge also features the peak known as Aksuyskaya Wall (Tent Peak) and relic forests of Tian Shan firs, making it a spectacular destination for nature lovers and hikers.

The Holy Resurrection Cathedral is the main Orthodox church of the Bishkek and Kyrgyzstan Diocese, located in Bishkek. Dedicated to the Resurrection of Jesus Christ, the cathedral features architecture influenced by Central Asian motifs, including Eastern ornamentation, decorative arches, and a bell tower reminiscent of a minaret. Inside, it houses historical icons from the 19th and early 20th centuries and a three-tiered iconostasis, making it a significant religious and cultural landmark in the city.

Suleiman-Too is the main cultural and historical landmark of Kyrgyzstan and the country’s first site inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. It is located in the center of Osh. This limestone mountain, featuring five peaks, caves, and grottoes, has been considered sacred for millennia, with evidence of worship and petroglyphs dating back over 3,000 years. The city of Osh developed around Suleiman-Too, making it one of the oldest cities in Central Asia and an important stop on the Great Silk Road.

The Central Mosque of Bishkek, also known as the Imam Sarakhsi Mosque, is one of the largest and most beautiful mosques in Central Asia. Located on Zhibek Zholu Avenue, it is built in the Ottoman architectural style, featuring a 40-meter-high dome and minarets reaching up to 70 meters. The mosque can accommodate up to 10,000 worshippers inside, and up to 30,000 including the exterior courtyards, making it a major cultural and religious landmark of Bishkek.

The National Historical Museum of the Kyrgyz Republic is located in Bishkek. Founded in 1925 as the country’s first scientific institution, it stands on Ala-Too Square near the monument to Manas. The pristine white building houses a rich collection of exhibits showcasing the history and culture of Kyrgyzstan, making it one of the capital’s main attractions.

The Dungan Mosque in Karakol is a unique architectural monument built by the Dungan community between 1907 and 1910. This wooden structure was constructed without a single nail and reflects traditional Chinese architectural style, featuring intricately carved roofs with upturned corners. The mosque is considered one of the most unusual and recognizable landmarks in Kyrgyzstan.

The tor (tör) is the most respected spot in a traditional Kyrgyz yurt, reserved for the host or the most honored guest. It is positioned directly opposite the entrance, next to the stack of chests and bedding placed on a stand called a zhukayak, symbolizing respect, hospitality, and the central role of family and guests in nomadic life.

The culture of Kyrgyzstan developed under the influence of a nomadic lifestyle, while also absorbing elements of Russian, Persian, and Turkic traditions, yet retaining its distinct identity. A close connection to nature is reflected in every aspect of life — from traditional dwellings and clothing to music, decorative patterns, and the everyday practices of the Kyrgyz people.

Manas International Airport is the main airport serving Bishkek, located 23 km northwest of the city. It is a key transportation hub for Kyrgyzstan, offering flights to over 25 cities worldwide and handling more than 5,000 passengers daily. Panoramic windows provide stunning views of the snow-capped peaks of the Tian Shan, making arrival and departure a scenic experience.

The poppy bloom is a spectacular natural phenomenon that usually occurs in May, when the Chüy Valley is covered with bright red fields set against the snow-capped peaks of the Tian Shan. The flowering period is short and weather-dependent, sometimes lasting into early or mid-June. In Kyrgyzstan, the most common poppies include Papaver rhoeas, Papaver remery, and Glaucium species, which adorn fields, roadsides, and rocky slopes with vibrant colors.

Chingiz Torekulovich Aitmatov (1928–2008) was an outstanding writer and a classic of 20th-century Russian and Kyrgyz literature. His works, written in both Russian and Kyrgyz, have been translated into dozens of languages and are recognized as part of world literary heritage. Aitmatov’s writing embodies humanism, philosophical depth, and the spiritual power of the written word, making him one of the most influential literary figures of Central Asia.

Jeti-Ögüz is a picturesque mountain gorge on the southern shore of Issyk-Kul, located 28 km from the city of Karakol. The gorge stretches along the Jeti-Ögüz River on the northern slopes of the Terskey Ala-Too Range and is famous for its striking red rock formations known as the “Seven Bulls,” which have become a natural symbol of the region.

Kel-Suu Lake is a scenic high-altitude lake located in the At-Bashy District of Naryn Region, situated at 3,514 meters above sea level in the Kakshaaltu-Too massif of the Central Tian Shan. The lake is notable for its elongated shape and a unique characteristic of periodically drying up and refilling with water, reflected in its name, which means “coming water.”

Tears of the Snow Leopard is the most famous waterfall in the region, cascading from a height of approximately 100 meters. Its streams resemble tears flowing down the rock, creating a striking and memorable natural spectacle.

Fairy Tale Canyon is a picturesque gorge on the southern shore of Issyk-Kul, near the village of Tosor. The canyon is famous for its fantastical red-orange clay rock formations of whimsical shapes, creating surreal and fairy-tale-like landscapes that attract photographers and nature lovers alike.

The Naryn River is a major mountain river of Central Asia, flowing through Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. It originates from the glaciers of the Central Tian Shan and flows through intermontane valleys and narrow gorges. In its upper reaches lies the Naryn State Nature Reserve, preserving the region’s unique high-mountain ecosystems.

Tash-Rabat is an ancient stone caravanserai in the Naryn Region of Kyrgyzstan, situated at an altitude of about 3,100 meters near the border with China. It was an important stop along the Great Silk Road and one of the largest caravanserais in Central Asia. As a unique historical and architectural monument, Tash-Rabat is the only well-preserved caravanserai of this scale in Kyrgyzstan.

Issyk-Kul is a large endorheic lake in Kyrgyzstan, one of the deepest in the world and among the 30 largest by surface area. It lies between the Küngöy Ala-Too Range and the Terskey Ala-Too Range at an elevation of approximately 1,609 meters above sea level. Its name means “warm lake,” as Issyk-Kul does not freeze even during winter, making it a unique natural and tourist attraction.

Song-Kul (also spelled Son-Kul) is a high-altitude lake in the Naryn Region of Kyrgyzstan. Its name translates as “Lake of Wild Ducks.” Surrounded by alpine meadows, Song-Kul is a picturesque destination popular for jailoo tourism, yurt stays, horseback riding, and birdwatching, offering visitors an authentic experience of Kyrgyz nomadic culture.

Konorchek Canyons are a unique natural complex of clay canyons in the Chüy Region of Kyrgyzstan, located near the Boom Gorge. This expansive system, covering about 200 km², features fantastical formations and labyrinthine passages. It is a popular destination for hiking, nature photography, and exploring the striking landscapes of northern Kyrgyzstan.

Yurt camps offer a unique opportunity to experience the traditional nomadic lifestyle and enjoy the natural beauty of Central Asia. They are located in picturesque and remote areas of Kyrgyzstan — among mountains, alpine meadows, and pristine high-altitude lakes — providing an immersive cultural and nature experience.

Jeep tours are an adventurous way to explore Kyrgyzstan, traveling by off-road vehicles across mountain trails, steppes, forests, and rugged terrain. These tours allow travelers to reach remote natural landmarks comfortably while experiencing the country’s landscapes, history, and culture in an exciting and immersive way.

Ghost Lake is a unique high-altitude lake in Kyrgyzstan, renowned for its ability to periodically disappear and refill. During dry years, the water drains into underground caves and fissures, earning it the local nickname “Ghost Lake.” This rare natural phenomenon makes Kel-Suu one of the most mysterious and fascinating attractions in the country.

Osh Bazaar is one of the largest and most vibrant markets in Bishkek, located in the western part of the city along the Ala-Archa River. Visitors can purchase fresh produce, Eastern spices, traditional flatbreads, dried fruits, clothing, and handcrafted goods, fully immersing themselves in the everyday life and culture of Kyrgyzstan.

Rukh Ordo is a cultural complex and open-air museum located in the city of Cholpon-Ata on the northern shore of Issyk-Kul. The complex features museums, the memorial house of Chingiz Aitmatov, monuments to prominent thinkers, and religious structures representing the world’s major faiths. Rukh Ordo unites culture, history, and philosophy, reflecting the heritage and intellectual traditions of Central Asian peoples.

Sary-Chelek Biosphere Reserve is a protected natural area in the Jalal-Abad Region of Kyrgyzstan, located on the Chatkal and Atoynak ranges. Established in 1959, the reserve covers approximately 24,000 hectares, with elevations ranging from 1,200 to 4,247 meters. Since 1979, it has been part of the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve network. The reserve’s central headquarters is situated in the village of Arkit.

Sary-Chelek is a high-altitude lake in the Jalal-Abad Region of Kyrgyzstan, situated at 1,873 meters above sea level. The lake covers an area of about 50 km², stretches 7.5 km in length, and reaches a maximum depth of 234 meters. Sary-Chelek is the second deepest lake in Kyrgyzstan and one of the largest lakes in Central Asia.

The Alay Range is a mountain chain spanning Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, forming part of the Pamir-Alay system. Extending from east to west, it defines the southern boundary of the Fergana Valley. The highest peak is Tandykul Peak at 5,544 meters. The southern slopes descend toward the Kyzyl-Suu River (Vakhsh, a tributary of the Amu Darya).

Mertzbachera Lake is a high-altitude lake situated at 3,304 meters above sea level, fed by the Enilchek Glacier in Kyrgyzstan. Twice a year, the lake’s water disappears underground, vanishing completely within a few days. It is named after the explorer Gottfried Mertzbacher, who studied the region.